Editing Emerging technologies, emerging markets – fostering the innovation potential of research infrastructures
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Special cameras investigating wavelengths different from (or in addition to) the visible ones can give much more information about vegetation status. They are tools of great importance especially in precision agriculture since they allow investigating if there are specific areas where the plants are stressed due, for example, lack of water or the presence of pathogens. These tools work on the principle that plants are living breathing organisms therefore having different temperatures and spectral characteristics from the non-living background. This happens because they absorb light in specific wavelengths (the photosynthetic active radiation window, between 400 and 700 nanometres) and reflect it in various spectral regions (especially in the near infrared above 780 nanometres) according to biophysical properties of the vegetation. Stresses alters such plant responses and are therefore detectable with thermal (in the long-wave spectral domain) and multispectral (in the short-wave spectral domain) imaging, allowing a precise identification of critical situations where it is possible to intervene to improve agricultural practices. | Special cameras investigating wavelengths different from (or in addition to) the visible ones can give much more information about vegetation status. They are tools of great importance especially in precision agriculture since they allow investigating if there are specific areas where the plants are stressed due, for example, lack of water or the presence of pathogens. These tools work on the principle that plants are living breathing organisms therefore having different temperatures and spectral characteristics from the non-living background. This happens because they absorb light in specific wavelengths (the photosynthetic active radiation window, between 400 and 700 nanometres) and reflect it in various spectral regions (especially in the near infrared above 780 nanometres) according to biophysical properties of the vegetation. Stresses alters such plant responses and are therefore detectable with thermal (in the long-wave spectral domain) and multispectral (in the short-wave spectral domain) imaging, allowing a precise identification of critical situations where it is possible to intervene to improve agricultural practices. | ||
− | + | TABLE 42 STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF SPECTRAL IMAGING | |
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− | + | TABLE 43 PRODUCERS OF DEVICES FOR SPECTRAL IMAGING | |
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====3.2.2.1 Proton-transfer-reactionmassspectrometry(PTR-MS)==== | ====3.2.2.1 Proton-transfer-reactionmassspectrometry(PTR-MS)==== | ||
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The technique has been recently enhanced by coupling the proton transfer reaction to a time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). This yields a higher resolving power and better duty cycle. All ions are detected at once without having to cycle on different mass-to-charge ratios for detection as it happens in the PTR-MS. | The technique has been recently enhanced by coupling the proton transfer reaction to a time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). This yields a higher resolving power and better duty cycle. All ions are detected at once without having to cycle on different mass-to-charge ratios for detection as it happens in the PTR-MS. | ||
− | + | TABLE 44 STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF PTR-MS | |
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− | + | TABLE 45 PRODUCERS OF DEVICES FOR PTR-MS | |
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==3.3 Emerging Technologies: Fluorescence== | ==3.3 Emerging Technologies: Fluorescence== |